Easy Baking Powder Substitution for Cooking

Are you doing any baking? If you find yourself having only baking soda and a recipe that calls for baking powder, or vice versa, do you know enough about cooking chemistry to make a substitution? All you need is a bit of cooking chemistry to save the day. Using Baking Powder When the Recipe Calls for Baking Soda You can substitute baking powder in place of baking soda, though you will need a bit more baking powder, because it contains additional ingredients. If the recipe calls for baking soda, use 2-4 times more baking powder. So, if the recipe uses 1/2 teaspoon baking soda, use at least 1 teaspoon baking powder. Another suggestion is to replace an acidic liquid in the recipe with a non-acidic one. For example, if you are doing a substitution and the recipe calls for buttermilk, youll get better results if you change to regular milk. Using Baking Soda When the Recipe Calls for Baking Powder You cant directly substitute baking soda if you are out of baking powder. However, you can make your own baking powder, using two parts cream of tartar and one part baking soda. It can get a bit tricky to get the measurements right if you only need 1 teaspoon of baking powder, so what you might want to do is mix up a small batch of homemade baking powder and save the rest for later (stored in a sealed container to keep moisture away). Mix together 1 teaspoon baking soda with 2 teaspoons cream of tartar. Then measure the amount of baking powder that you need from that mixture. Another variation on this recipe is to mix 1/4 teaspoon baking soda, 1/4 teaspoon corn starch, and 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar. This yields 1 teaspoon of baking powder, which also acts as a double-acting baking powder. Youll get the best results with this version if you use 1 teaspoon of the homemade baking powder for every 1 cup of flour in the recipe. If you use homemade baking powder, be sure to bake your recipe right away after mixing the ingredients. There are commercial baking powders that will allow you to let a recipe sit for a while before baking, but its generally a good plan to start heating the food immediately, since the reaction that causes baked goods to rise starts as soon as the wet ingredients are added. Notes About Baking Substitutions Substituting leavening agents such as baking powder and baking soda doesnt usually have a huge impact on flavor because these ingredients are present in fairly small amounts. However, you might notice a flavor or texture difference. It wont necessarily be bad. In fact, you might discover a new favorite recipe!

The Determinant Factor Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Aging Essay

Is Aquaporin-3 a Determinant Factor of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aging? An Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study Iman Seleit, MD,* Ola A. Bakry, MD,* Hala S. El Rebey, MD,w Gehan El-Akabawy, MD,z and Gehan Hamza, MSc* Abstract: Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is an aquaglyceroporin that plays a role in skin hydration, cell proliferation, and migration. The aim of this work was to investigate the expression of AQP3 in sun-exposed and sun-protected human skin from different age groups to understand the relationship between AQP3 and skin aging. Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, sunexposed and sun-protected skin biopsies were taken from 60 normal individuals. AQP3 was expressed in the basal and the suprabasal layers, sparing the stratum corneum, in all specimens. Dermal expression was detected in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and adnexa. Sun-protected skin showed a significantly higher epidermal H-score and percentage of expression (P=0.002 and 0.001) were significantly associated with the age group (20 to 35 y) in sun-exposed skin. C, A higher H-score was significantly associated with the age group (20 to 35 y) in sun-protected skin (P 0.001). D, Comparison between the immunohistochemical expression of AQP3 in sun-exposed and sunprotected skin in different age groups. A higher percentage of expression was significantly associated with sun-protected skin in the age group of 20 to 35 years (P = 0.03), in the age group of 35 to 50 years (P = 0.007), and in the age groupShow MoreRelatedDefining Motivation : Well Known And Unsolved3147 Words   |  13 Pages2008). The nature of motivation has traditionally been separated into two qualitatively distinct forms: a) intrinsic interest and; b) extrinsic motivation (Deci Ryan, 1985). This assumption has served as the foundation of many psychological theories and experiments. Yet, when this same concept is viewed from a neurological standpoint, there is evidence to suggest that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations activate the same areas in the striatum that are associated with rewards, implying that theyRead MoreJob Satisfaction and Employee Motivation4960 Words   |  20 Pagesliterature review and also analyse key motivational factors associated with our empirical case. This would lead to my conclusion and recommendation on how to effectively motivate employee to increase productivity and performance. A Review on Motivation and its theories Work motivation and employee satisfaction plays a more central role in the field of management theoretically and practically and it is indeed one of the most important factors affecting employee behaviour and performance. ManagersRead MorePersonality Development4478 Words   |  18 Pagesflexible, but it is rigid i.e. unalterable in adults (1).   Personality and its development are under influence of some determinants.   Environment is considered the major extrinsic one (2).   Cultural, racial, socioeconomic, educational, social guidance and health conditions could be environmental factors playing   a critical role in personality development (3).   The intrinsic factors could be biological drives,   such as the homeostatic, sexual, defensive and assimilatory drives, and hereditary temperamentalRead MoreConsumer Behavior Process2062 Words   |  8 Pagesworm infestations in the product. This directly affected sales which fell by 30% (Vivek, 2004). According to (Nelson, 1970), consumers are most likely to derive quality or safety perceptions from other product cues, either intrinsic (e.g., appearance of the product) or extrinsic cues (e.g., a quality label). In the case of Cadbury, the most effective action that was taken post the reporting of the worm infestation in the chocolate was the roping in of Amitabh Bachchan, the famous Indian movie actorRead MorePsychology14463 Words   |  58 Pagesthe combination of autonomy and competence was found to underlie intrinsic motivation (Deci, 1975) and both generated merged with a considerable amount of research on the nature of competence motivation (Boggiano Pittman, 1992; Elliot Dweck, 2005). Research combining the individual difference approach to achievement motivation (e.g., McClelland Watson, 1973) with an experimental approach to research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations (e.g., Pittman, Boggiano, Ruble, 1983)Read MoreThe Relationship Between Job Satisfa ction and Absenteeism in a Selected Field Services Section Within an Electricity Utility in the Western Cape31415 Words   |  126 Pagesbeing given to reduce workplace absenteeism and its cost. Most research has concluded that absence is a complex variable and that it is influenced by multiple causes, both personal and organisational. Job satisfaction has been noted as one of the factors influencing an employee’s motivation to attend. Studies on the relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction seem to be inconsistent. Some research has found no correlation between these two variables whereas other studies indicate a weakRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesobservation scales (BOS), behavioural evaluation scales (BES), critical incident, and job simulation. All these judgments were used to determine the specific levels of performance criteria to specific issues such as customer service and rated in factors such as â€Å"excellent†, â€Å"average†, â€Å"need to improve† or â€Å"poor†. Post-1945 developed into the results-oriented approaches and led to the development of management by objectives (MBO) (Prowse Prowse, 2009). In the 1960s the development of self-appraisalRead MoreThe Research of Wechat8259 Words   |  34 Pagesestimates of usefulness, complexity, social norm and desirability are constant with previous studies and are proved to have significant effect on user intention but compatibility has no significant influence toward user intention. As four of our five factors are proved to be statistically significant, our research also provides some advice as well. Such as pay effort on enhancing desirability of the software, maximize the software value of usefulness, avoid complexity and so forth. 2 Introduction Read MoreWbut Syllabus 1st Sem11442 Words   |  46 Pagesthree parts covering not more than two topics (marked in bold italics face). Sufficient questions should to be set covering all modules. Module I Matrix: Determinant of a square matrix, Minors and Cofactors, Laplace’s method of expansion of a determinant, Product of two determinants, Adjoint of a determinant, Jacobi’s theorem on adjoint determinant. Singular and non-singular matrices, Adjoint of a matrix, Inverse of a non-singular matrix and its properties, orthogonal matrix and its properties, TraceRead MoreComparative Study of Quality of Work Life Management in Tcs Ibm: a Case Study Analysis14194 Words   |  57 Pagessatisfaction may be assessed, so that action can be taken which will enhance an individuals performance. Somewhere in all this, there is often an awareness of the greater context, whereupon the home-work context is considered, for example, and other factors, such as an individual s personal characteristics, and the broader economic or cultural climate, might be seen as relevant. In this context, subjective well-being is seen as drawing upon both work and non-work aspects of life. However, more complex

Why Did The Policies Of President Hoover Fail To Combat The Great Depression Effectively Free Essays

In October 1929, the USA was plunged into the sharpest recession to take place in American history. The period it lasted for became known as the Great Depression. Drastic action was required to fix the situation, and the first person people looked to was President Hoover, who had unluckily took up presidency eight months before the Wall Street Crash. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did The Policies Of President Hoover Fail To Combat The Great Depression Effectively? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Hoover is known for his inability to sue federal powers to overcome the Depression quickly and effectively. Some recent historians have been more sympathetic towards Hoover because they believe he was a victim of both his own mindset and of one of the most difficult to solve crises in American history. But most believe it was his political beliefs and policies that stopped him fight the Depression successfully. Hoover’s main trouble was that he was not willing for direct government to take place. His two central policies were self-help and voluntary co-operation. His continued belief in these represented his continued belief that the economy had to right itself and that changes he made would not help – â€Å"Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement†. Indeed, Hoover knew that the government was urgently required to take action but the action he was willing to take was not nearly enough to deal with the depth of the Depression, as shown through eight different areas of the Depression federal government policies were made on. These were agriculture, tariffs, repudiation of war debts, voluntarism, unemployment relief, Federal Home Loan Bank Act, Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) and war veterans and the ‘Bonus Army’. The legislation passed in all of these areas was a failure, which lost Hoover all credibility. The Agricultural Marketing Act was passed in 1929, creating a nine-person Federal Farm Board with funds of $500 million to create ‘stabilisation corps’, and the crops created were eventually bought back at higher prices. The agricultural policy failed for two reasons: firstly because it paid US farmers artificially high prices and could not continue in the long term; secondly because it treated agriculture as a domestic, not foreign, issue. Cheap foreign imports became a problem, and the answer appeared to be even higher tariffs. In June 1930, the Hawley-Smoot tariff was enforced – and was the highest in US history. Its result was most European nations abandoning free trade. Hoover could have vetoed the bill but chose not to. In the repudiation of war debts, Hoover blamed the Depression on Europe, though the situation was in fact vice versa. Europe could not afford to pay back war debts, and international trades decreased. Countries worldwide were in a more depressed state, again a negative result. Hoover placed the onus of improving the situation onto the businesses rather than the government. He told businessmen not to cut their workforces or wages but to maintain output and encourage buying. As the depression worsened, however, they could not afford to do this. Workers were fired and wages reduced, raising unemployment levels. So, Hoover then secured $500 million in 1932 from Congress to use as unemployment relief, but the amount simply wasn’t enough. He also set up the President’s Emergency Committee for Employment to help agencies organise efforts, but still refused to help directly because of his self-help policies. An example of this is during the 1930-31 drought, which was so severe it led to almost starvation in the South. Congress gave $47 million to be offered as loans, but Hoover still didn’t want to give direct relief. He didn’t believe in giving out benefits. So unemployment relief was another failed attempt by Hoover to fight the Depression. The Federal Home Lon Bank Act was passed in July 1932, and was Hoover’s attempt to save mortgages. A series of Federal Home Loan banks were set up to help loan associations providing mortgages. However, they only lent 50% of the property value. The Act failed and was largely ineffective, and homes were repossessed. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was Hoover’s most radical measure to overcome the Depression and the precursor to the New Deal initiatives of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The RFC was established in January 1932 and could lend up to $2 billion to stabilise banks, insurance companies, railroads and construction companies that were suffering. It was a measure taken to restore confidence. The loans, however, were given mainly to big banks and larger companies. The RFC eventually failed because it was giving too little too late. By this time, Hoover’s credibility was severely damaged, but the nail in the coffin was yet to come – the treatment of the Bonus Army, which portrayed him as cold and cruel. In 1925, Congress agreed to give veterans of WW1a ‘bonus’ to be paid in 1945. In June 1932, 20,000 war veterans marched to Washington to request their bonus early in order to survive the Depression. They were told that the government could not afford to pay them, but Hoover would pay for their trip home. Feeling betrayed, the veterans set up camp. Hoover feared violence, to the extent of revolution, and called in the military. Tanks, infantry and tear gas destroyed the camp and drove away the veterans. These men who had served their country were called â€Å"tramps and hoodlums with a generous sprinkling of Communist agitators†. Hoover was solely blamed for the dispersal of the Bonus Army, which was a major political blunder. By now, the people of America had turned away from Hoover and were looking for answers elsewhere – Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Already popular as Governor of New York State, Roosevelt appealed to the US people because he proposed to take the action that Hoover would not and showed flexibility. Through his time as Governor, Roosevelt showed his willingness to listen to others’ ideas and his belief that direct government intervention was necessary. An example of his flexibility is the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, set up in 1932. Though it was temporary, it was the first state-run relief effort in the nation. In comparison, Hoover refused to hear ideas remotely associated with government intervention. However, some historians argue that Hoover did in fact involve the government in more areas of life than ever before, for example the expansion of federal lending and the encouragement of public works’ schemes. Hoover had a personal concern for those suffering the Depression. He cut his own and state officials’ salaries by 20% and had long working hours. On the other hand, he showed optimism in public, which led people to accuse him of losing touch with reality. Although Hoover worked tirelessly to fight the Depression, his refusal to abandon his policies of self-help and voluntary co-operation prevented him from doing so successfully. In conclusion, President Hoover’s policies failed to combat the Great Depression effectively because the help they provided were very limited in the extent the Depression had gone to. Because of his beliefs in self-help and voluntary co-operation he blocked direct government intervention from his policies, driving away supporters towards Roosevelt, who won the elections of 1932 and began his ‘New deal’. How to cite Why Did The Policies Of President Hoover Fail To Combat The Great Depression Effectively?, Papers

Do Unsean Colours Exist Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Make Unsean Colours Exist Essay, Research Paper Do unobserved colorss exist in the universe and is at that place colour at all, the age old inquiry? The thought of sound will be investigated in the undermentioned essay. Is at that place sound in the universe and if a tree falls in the wood and there is no organic structure about does it really do a noise? These thoughts will be followed by the theory of coloring material. Persons? believe? they see color, so people believe there is coloring material in the universe and do non even believe twice about the issue. Still, some philosophers have presented thoughts about the universe with no coloring material. Is this theory plausible? Following these two inquiries, I will supply my return on the two theories of sound and coloring material and render my stance on whether I believe in the thoughts of philosophers or whether I do non believe their suggestions have any backup and supply stable cogent evidence. Sound is a quiver of air molecules caused by the gesture of an object. The moving ridge is a compaction moving ridge where the denseness of the molecules is higher. This moving ridge travels through the air at a velocity dependant on the temperature. A sound moving ridge contains energy, which in bend means it can do things move. However, if the moving ridge work stoppages something solid, it will resile back ( www.askjeeves.com { sound } ) . When a tree falls and there is no 1 about does it do a sound? There are two ways to look at the statement presented. The first manner would include that sound is something that is nonsubjective and independent. When a tree falls it makes a noise ( sound ) and the noise that is produced is by the falling and striking of the land of the tree. This statement does non necessitate anyone to turn out its concretness, and it may even go on without anyone cognizing it. The other theory that is presented is one of scientific adequateness where 1 has to believe about the solution and have prior cognition about sound moving ridges and the theories behind them. When a tree falls, quivers occur and cause moving ridges in the air, which are detected by our ears and are so sent as messages to our encephalon and nervousnesss. An tantamount reaction happens when our eyes see a colored object. There is a procedure that takes topographic point and a reaction has to happen before you can understand what you merely saw or heard. Therefore far, the two theories are related. The differentiation between the two comes into consequence when we look at whether we are hearing the moving ridges in the air or whether this is the cause of the sound every bit good as the moving ridges? The statement of the fallen tree in the forest merely discusses the air waves ; sound on the other manus is referred to as something physically heard. The? sound itself is the consequence of the physical and physiological procedures initiated by the fallen tree? ( Landesman, 18 ) . One philosopher that had a theory on this issue is William Ockham. His theory is referred to as the Ockham razor. He said, ? entities are non to be multiplied beyond necessity? . Ockham stated we should non include nonsubjective sound at all. By making this we are doing things simpler and his logical thinking for this was the simpler things were the better they turn out. Ockham is non differing that sounds exist but that there are two types of sounds: subjective and dependant. Since merely air moving ridges play a function in the hearing of sound, there is no point in believing that nonsubjective sound exists in the function of sound at all. George Berkeley was non so enticed by Ockham? s theory. He saw many defects in his logical thinking and came up with his ain accounts. His theory was that sound could be given a categorization. There are many distinguishable sounds which are all different and cause assorted emotions in people. Some sounds cause a individual to experience joy, while other sounds cause a individual to see a bad memory, therefore doing hurting. Air moving ridges are merely a quiver or undulant motion in the air. There are no belongingss of sound such as volume that are caused by these moving ridges. Berkeley? s realisation was that there is no executable manner that sound and air moving ridges can be classified together in the same sphere. Colour is one or any mixture of the components into which visible radiation is separated in a rainbow. Colour is lightwaves absorbed or reflected by everything around us. In nature, a rainbow is white visible radiation that is broken apart by the wet in the air ( www.askjeeves.com { color } ) . With this statement, one might inquire if objects that are unobserved have colour and is at that place colour in the universe at all? Locke is the first philosopher to province that persons opinions are all wrong. We think we observe things and know the result of these happenings, nevertheless, this is false. Our senses deceive us in every manner, changing our beliefs about everything we originally perceived to be true. An illustration of this state of affairs is when a individual looks at a lamp, he looks at it and observes with his ain two eyes that the object in forepart of him is brown. Locke says he genuinely thinks that the object must be brown, but he is incorrect and one time once more his senses are lead oning him. The object does non posses any coloring material at all, the object is in fact colourless. The lone ground we observe coloring materials is because when we perceive things, our senses react and do us to see different colorss. Harmonizing to the principal of symmetricalness, there is no ground to believe in the theory of nonsubjective coloring material. We think we know about coloring material because there is? a effect of the action of the atomic constructions of organic structures upon our ocular variety meats. Color itself is non a belongings of the atomic constructions of organic structures: neither Locke? s corpuscularian hypothesis nor the atomic theory of modern natural philosophies supposes that the colors we see are belongingss for the atoms or of aggregations of atoms? ( Landesman, 29 ) . Locke so discusses his two theories about coloring material. He comments that the first are colorss that we are straight cognizant of which lone exists in esthesis and the 2nd are colorss of organic structures to do esthesis in us. This theory has no existent virtue because any manner a individual describes a coloring material, the same coloring material is being illustrated. Whether an single says that object is? orange? or do you hold an? orange? piece of paper, the same substance is being asked. The individual is still inquiring for the same coloring material, hence, it is the same, there are no two significances for the coloring material? orange? . Basically, the thought Locke is seeking to acquire across is that there is no coloring material. The lone coloring material that is presented is through sense experience. Many philosophers and other knowing persons do non hold with Locke? s theory and have come up with their ain statements about coloring material. One of these people who have come up with their ain coloring material theory is Max Planck. He believed that? coloring material is to be identified with some of the physical characteristics in nature responsible for our sense consciousness of colour. ? He besides thought coloring material was explained by the frequences of wave lengths ( light moving ridges ) . He does non discourse the word? coloring material? at all, he is talking about the features which colour possesses and is consistently associating the two together. Locke? s position of the secondary qualities of coloring material declares that the colorss are subjective and dependent. Our senses are responding to our ain experiences and the feelings that we hold are bring forthing us to see colorss. The colorss are a reaction to our perceptual experience, therefore, there are no colors with objects themselves. On colorss as a secondary quality, philosophers besides disagree with Locke? s theory and have concluding to endorse up their theories of coloring material and ignore his. Rene Descartes has a theory? mind-body dualism? which proposes that the head and the organic structure are two different entities. He agreed that the head and organic structure have to make with each other, but are different. When a individual views a coloring material, the head observes the coloring material and has a esthesis but the organic structure does non hold to travel consequently. This happening is in the head of the person. Colorss have a strong bond with extension. This thought would associate that anything extended would be coloured. A dualist can non claim that colorss are subjected, the thought of an object looking a certain coloring material does non intend it is that coloring material, all it means is that some mental event is happening and doing a reaction. The 2nd theory that in contrast to Locke is the Materialist place. They feel that the head of a individual is in the encephalon and the nervous system and nil else is included in finding circumstance. They besides feel whatever goes on in the head is the encephalon working and responding to the different state of affairss. To solidify their statement and to supply dependability, they say? if mental events could be encephalon procedures, so the rule of simpleness requires that they be identified with encephalon procedures? ( Landesman, 33 ) . If an single observes coloring material, there has to be a coloring material spot which is taking topographic point in the eyes, encephalon or nervousnesss. This is doing some assorted chemical reaction which may non be exercising color, but the individual is responding to the event and sing coloring material. The chief protagonist of this theory was Thomas Hobbes. When analyzing all the present theories, it is difficult for me to happen a philosopher and theory, which I can appreciate all of their positions and statements. In my sentiment, all of the statements had some really intelligent thoughts to endorse up their theories, but they besides had some thoughts that made no logical sense. I could non associate to some of their positions as to what they were seeking to acquire across, hence, I have to travel with my ain theory and believe what I thought about Colour and Sound before I researched and obtained cognition from the assorted philosophers. I believe that that there is color and sound in the universe and I experience them everyday of my life. I hear sound and I see color and it is impossible for anyone to state me this is non true. With my ain two eyes I observe all the different colors that life has presented and with my ears I am able to hear sound and people speaking around me. If these two features where non in my life I think I wo uld cognize this and my life would be really different. I do non believe that there genuinely is no coloring material and I do non believe I will of all time with come to this decision. The thoughts presented were valid in that they made me inquiry if there genuinely is no coloring material or sound in the universe. After reading the book and seeing the highlighter on my page, I have disregarded all the thoughts of coloring material non bing at all. I am convinced that these were all theories by proved philosophers to seek to prehend persons to fall for their? loony? ideas. Colour and sound are in the universe and this is non an thought, it is world. n/a